CHAPTER 7 · STUDY GUIDE
The Canadian Justice System
Learn the rule of law, courts, policing and legal principles covered in citizenship-test preparation.
Practice this chapter →The rule of law
Canada's legal system is based on the rule of law. Laws apply to individuals and governments, and public institutions must act within the authority given to them by law. Courts provide an independent setting for resolving legal disputes and interpreting laws.
Courts and judges
Canada has federal, provincial and territorial courts with different jurisdictions. Judges are responsible for applying the law fairly and independently. The Supreme Court of Canada is the country's highest court and is the final court of appeal.
Presumption of innocence
A person charged with a crime is presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law. Criminal proceedings follow legal procedures designed to protect fairness and legal rights. This principle is a key part of Canada's justice system.
Police and public safety
Police services help enforce laws and protect public safety. Different police organizations operate at federal, provincial and municipal levels. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police also provides policing services in many parts of Canada and has federal responsibilities.
The Charter and legal rights
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, equality rights, mobility rights and legal rights, among others. These protections form an important part of Canada's constitutional framework.
What to remember for the test
- The rule of law means everyone, including governments, is subject to the law.
- A person charged with a crime is presumed innocent until proven guilty.
- Judges are expected to be independent and impartial.
- The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court.
- The Charter protects important rights and freedoms.