CHAPTER 5 · STUDY GUIDE
How Canadians Govern Themselves
Understand Canada's parliamentary democracy, levels of government and federal institutions.
Practice this chapter →Three levels of government
Canada has federal, provincial or territorial, and municipal governments. The federal government deals with national matters such as defence, foreign affairs, citizenship and criminal law. Provinces and territories have responsibilities that include areas such as education and health care, subject to constitutional arrangements. Municipal governments handle local matters such as roads, local planning and services.
Parliament
The federal Parliament consists of the King, represented by the Governor General, the Senate and the House of Commons. The House of Commons is made up of elected Members of Parliament. Senators are appointed and represent regions of Canada.
Responsible government
Canada's parliamentary system is based on responsible government. The government must maintain the confidence of the elected House of Commons. The Prime Minister and Cabinet exercise executive authority while being accountable to Parliament.
Constitutional monarchy
Canada's head of state is the King. The Governor General carries out many federal duties on the King's behalf. The Prime Minister is the head of government and normally leads the political party that can command the confidence of the House of Commons.
What to remember for the test
- Federal, provincial or territorial, and municipal governments have different responsibilities.
- Parliament includes the King, Senate and House of Commons.
- Members of Parliament are elected to the House of Commons.
- Senators are appointed.
- The Prime Minister is head of government.